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The purpose of  a cytology centrifuge is to concentrate cells in fluid specimens onto the microscope slide. The slides would be stained and analyzed for diagnostic or research purposes.

Preparation Procedure

A certain procedure is used when using a cytology centrifuge. The first thing you should do is attach a funnel assembly to the front of the microscope slide. The surface assembly of the funnel that is attached to the slide is also lined with filter paper. This is done so any excess liquid of the smear is easily absorbed.

After samples have been placed in the funnel, the assembly is placed into the centrifuge before it is run at 600-800 x g. Using low force is also essential so the structure of the specimen is preserved once the centrifuge has been operated.

How Centrifugal Force is Used

Centrifugal force will force the fluid into the assembly so it goes toward the opening of the funnel and concentrates the cells in one area of the slide. The cells concentrated onto the slides. From there, it creates a one-cell-thick monolayer that makes cellular morphology assessment.

Where Cytology Centrifuge are Used

A cytology centrifuge is usually used in different diagnostic procedures, including:

• Gram staining of fluid specimens to check the presence of microorganisms
• Assessing of differential cell counts on body fluids, including serous, cerebrospinal, and synovial fluids
• Examination of liquid specimens such as fine needle aspirates and body fluids in cytopathology

Since cells are placed in the center of the fluid smear on the slide, they can appear compressed compared to those at the periphery that results from the centrifugation process.

To minimize overcrowding effects on the slide, specimens with a higher cell count need to be diluted before the sample is prepared.

A significant drop in collagen production resulting in a breakdown of the underlying structure of skin can make you look a lot older than you actually are. Collagen degradation makes your skin lose firmness and elasticity, which leads to wrinkles and sagging skin. Environmental threats such as pollution and UV exposure could further lead to the discoloration of the skin. Fractional CO2 laser treatments are like dermabrasions and chemical peels, but with the use of minimal heat damage.

What is Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing?

The  Fractional CO2 laser treatment utilizes lasers to break down damaged skin cells, causing the new and more healthy cells to have the older ones replaced. This skin resurfacing method has been utilized to address scars, wrinkles, warts, nose enlarged oil glands and other skin problems. Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing treatment could help remove pigmentation irregularities and significantly lessen the appearance of wrinkles so the skin appears healthier and younger.

How It Works

The latest version of Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing Treatment utilizes continuous light beams or extremely short pulsed light energy transmitted in a scanning pattern to eliminate thin skin layers with little to no heat damage. The procedure utilizes a scattered or pulsed light beam at an extremely high rate so there’s minimal heat damage.

What Does A Fractional Co2 Laser Do?

The Fractional CO2 Laser procedure is a semi-ablative treatment made much more effective by our skin’s healing response. Microscopic laser “wounds” are spaced uniformly throughout the skin being treated. The deeper skin layer is facilitated by the CO2 energy to repair and renew. Fractional lasers get deeper into your skin and could lead to a more effective skin rejuvenation and wrinkle removal. This progressive laser system transmits high precision microbeams of CO2 laser energy into your skin to smoothen wrinkles, fine lines, and scars, eliminate brown spots and other flaws, and tighten your skin.

What Makes Fractional Co2 Laser Treatment Better Than Other Ablative Lasers?

The Fractional CO2 Laser offers all of the advantages of classic ablative resurfacing lasers with no lengthy downtime or high risk of complications. Unlike typical bulk ablation, which heals the skin horizontally, this non-surgical procedure repairs the skin vertically.

What To Expect

If only a small portion of the face is being treated, a local anesthetic can be used to ease the patient’s discomfort. General anesthesia might be utilized if the whole face is being treated. A topical ointment will be administered immediately after the therapy.

It takes at least two weeks for complete healing and recuperation, and there will be slight swelling, redness, and pain. After the procedure, however, these effects will fade in a few days. After the two-week healing period, patients can apply cosmetics to hide the redness, if there’s still any visible redness.

When the redness goes away, the skin should seem tighter and smoother, and wrinkles and skin discoloration should be reduced. Cosmetic doctors highly recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen on a regular basis. Moisturizers should be used liberally to sustain the advantages of Fractional CO2 laser treatment.

We also advise smokers to quit smoking prior to therapy and for the first few weeks following treatment to assist the body to recuperate more quickly.

The Benefits of Fractional CO2 Laser Treatments

Other than rendering skin young and wrinkle-free, this excellent therapy has a number of advantages. In fact, Fractional CO2 resurfacing is among the most effective ways of minimizing acne scarring and resurfacing sun-damaged face skin. Due to focused precision therapy, this promotes the body’s natural collagen regeneration process and boosts the healing process. Because the cosmetic doctor could manage the strength of the laser treatment, they can tailor treatments to match individual requirements, desired recovery times, and individual results.

Our bodies lose subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen as we get older, resulting in wrinkles and fine lines. Another element that damages the skin and produces discoloration, wrinkles, and age spots are sun exposure. Preventing wrinkles and sunspots is the most crucial thing you can do. However, a lot of us haven’t avoided the sun and now need to reverse the process of aging owing to a combo of genes, UV damage, or bad diets.

There’s a variety of sagging skin treatments to select from, including radiofrequency laser treatments like HIFU, Thermage, injectable fillers like BTX treatments, as well as chemical peels for fine lines and age spots. Your cosmetic doctor can help you determine which mix of lasers, dermal fillers, or skincare will help you erase undesirable pigmentation, fine lines, and revitalize your skin.

BTX Treatments

Frown lines, wrinkles, fine lines, and crow’s feet on the glabella or forehead are treated with botulinum toxin injections. BTX works by temporarily paralyzing the muscle by preventing chemical impulses from your nerves to the cells of the muscle. Wrinkles and fine lines will smooth out, as a result, giving you a younger appearance. Botox’s most frequent adverse effects are bruising and swelling, which would go away in a couple of hours.

To minimize unwanted bruising, it’s best to avoid consuming some blood thinners a week before getting BTX injections. After the injection, you can apply make-up to the treated region carefully and return to work straight away. Within a week, you’ll see results, and the treatment’s complete action will be visible after two weeks. BTX injections have a three- to four-month effect. Once the frown lines start to emerge, all that’s required is an east follow-up procedure to keep the ideal results.

Dermal Fillers

These are well-known and commonly utilized to treat a variety of face issues. They work quickly and effectively to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. Hyaluronic acid, a sugar found naturally in the body, is frequently used to make them. The fillers are non-surgical procedures that could offer long-lasting results and provide you with a natural appearance.

Dermal fillers don’t need downtime so you could go back to your day-to-day activities straight after your injections. Swelling or bruising are normal side effects and often fade after a few days time.

 

Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion is another non-invasive sagging skin treatment used to treat numerous skin problems. It offers the skin an overall rejuvenation and is appropriate for all skin tones and skin types. This procedure utilizes a handpiece that gently sands away the top skin layer (epidermis) that’s made up of dead skin cells. Many individuals prefer this treatment because it helps reduce wrinkles and fine lines, it assists with discoloration like melasma and hyperpigmentation. It also treats other skin problems relating to stretch marks, acne scars, dark spots, age spots, and more. There’s no recovery time or downtime required, so you could go back to your regular day-to-day activities following the procedure. While you could see the results right after your procedure, the sessions needed will be based on the skin concerns’ severity and your expectations for your desired appearance.

Thermage

Thermage keeps increasing in popularity because it is an excellent rejuvenating option for those who do not like invasive cosmetic surgery, like a facelift. Most individuals do not like the downtime required when they think of getting an invasive surgery by a plastic surgeon. Thermage is a great option for cosmetic procedures which use radio-frequency technology to tighten skin sag in parts like the neck, face, eyes, chest, abdomen, legs, buttocks, and arms. The energy used enables it to permeate the deep skin layers, make collagen contract, and stimulate new collagen production. Thermage doesn’t require recovery time or downtime. You could return to your everyday activities right after the Thermage procedure.

Bottom Line

Plastic surgery isn’t the only alternative to keep a young appearance. There are numerous non-invasive procedures that could help treat a vast range of skin problems. To get the best results for all cosmetic treatments, it’s best to reach a board-certified cosmetic doctor near you.

Pregnancy is a beautiful time in a woman’s life. The second trimester is often considered the “honeymoon phase” of pregnancy, as many of the uncomfortable symptoms of early pregnancy subside, and you begin to feel more like yourself again. This is a thrilling time for both you and your partner as you begin to feel more connected to your baby. Here’s a look at what else you can expect during the second trimester of pregnancy.

1. Improved Energy Levels

One of the first things you may notice during the second trimester is an improvement in your energy levels. This is due to the placenta taking overproduction of the pregnancy hormone hCG, which can cause fatigue in early pregnancy. During such a period, you may try protein powder for pregnancy as it will help you a lot.

You may also find that your iron levels have normalized, which can also contribute to increased energy levels. Now that you have more energy take advantage of it! This is a great time to get out and about, take up a new hobby or activity, or just enjoy some time with your partner.

2. Baby’s Development

During the 2nd trimester, your baby is growing rapidly. By the end of this trimester, your baby will be about the size of a cantaloupe melon. Baby’s bones are also continuing to harden, and vital organs like the brain, lungs, and liver are continuing to develop.

You may also begin to feel your baby move during the second trimester. This is called “quickening” and is often described as feeling butterflies fluttering in your stomach. If this is your first pregnancy, you may not feel movement until closer to 20 weeks.

3. Changing Body

Your body is also going through some changes during the second trimester. As your baby grows, you may notice that your belly is beginning to protrude. You may also notice that your breasts are larger and more tender than they were in early pregnancy. Other physical changes you may experience during the second trimester include backaches, Braxton Hicks contractions (false labor), increased vaginal discharge, and varicose veins.

To Conclude

The second trimester of pregnancy is an exciting time for both you and your baby. Enjoy the increased energy levels and use them to get out and about. Remember to listen to your body and take things easy when you need to. If you have any concerns, be sure to speak to your healthcare provider.

Cytology (cytopathology) is the study of cells extracted from bodily tissues or fluids in order to make a diagnosis. Cytology is used by healthcare providers in a variety of settings, but it is most commonly used to screen for and diagnose cancer.

The sample preparation is performed using a cytology centrifuge, which is common in immunohematology and research laboratories.

The latest generation of specialized products, the cytology centrifuge, is appropriate for hospital clinical testing, chemical laboratory and blood station, plasma station for blood and other samples.

Applications

Some applications of cytology centrifuges include:

• Differential cell counts are performed on bodily fluids such as synovial, serous, and cerebrospinal fluid.
• Examining liquid specimens such as body fluids and fine needle aspirates for cytopathology.
• Microorganism identification using Gram staining of fluid specimens.

How It’s Used

 

A funnel assembly is mounted on the front of a microscope slide to prepare cytology centrifuge smears. Filter paper is used to absorb excess fluid on the surface of the funnel assembly that is in contact with the slide. The funnel is filled with a few drops of fluid. To preserve cellular structure, the assembly is placed in a cytocentrifuge that operates at a low force (600–800 x g).

The fluid is pushed through the funnel opening by centrifugal force, which concentrates the cells in a small area of the slide. The centrifugation process concentrates cells approximately twenty-fold and creates a one-cell-thick monolayer, allowing cellular morphology to be evaluated. After that, the slide can be stained and fixed.

Limitations

Cells can become distorted during the centrifugation process. Cells in the smear’s center may appear compressed in comparison to cells on the smear’s periphery. Cell nuclei can form artificial clefts, lobes, or holes, and the cytoplasm can become vacuolated or develop irregular projections.

The cell’s cytoplasmic granules may be pushed to the cell’s periphery. Cells may be distorted due to crowding if the cell count is high. Therefore, samples with high cell counts are diluted before smear preparation.

There is a lot of buzz around stem cell therapy as a potential cure for many diseases. Some people believe that it is a miracle cure; however, there are a lot of unanswered questions. So, what’s the truth? Is stem cell therapy really as effective as people say it is? In this article, we will explore the current research on stem cell therapy and discuss its potential benefits and effectiveness.

What is Stem Cell Therapy?

Stem cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Stem cells are unique in that they can develop into many different types of cells within the body. This makes them an ideal treatment for diseases that affect multiple organs or tissues.

There are four types of stem cells. Let us discuss the two main types of stem cell therapies: embryonic and adult. Embryonic stem cells are derived from four to five-day-old embryos. On the other hand, adult stem cells are found in adults and can be used to treat a variety of diseases.

How Effective is Stem Cell Therapy?

There is a lot of research on stem cell therapy and its potential benefits, wherein some studies have shown promising results. However, if you want to know how long does stem cell therapy lasts, it’s best to consult with your doctor.

So far, stem cell therapy has been used to successfully treat conditions such as:

1. Diabetes: Adult stem cells have been shown to help improve insulin production and blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

2. Heart Disease: Adult stem cells have been used to treat heart damage caused by a heart attack. They have also been shown to improve heart function and reduce the risk of death after a heart attack.

3. Cancer: Stem cell therapy has been used to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumors.

4. Parkinson’s Disease: Adult stem cells have been shown to improve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

5. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Stem cells have been shown to help improve symptoms in people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

6. Arthritis: Adult stem cells have been shown to help reduce inflammation and improve function in people with arthritis.

7. Autoimmune Diseases: Adult stem cells have been used to treat autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

8. Multiple Sclerosis: Stem cells have been shown to help improve function and reduce inflammation in people with multiple sclerosis.

9. Spinal Cord Injury: Adult stem cells have been shown to help improve function and reduce inflammation in people with spinal cord injuries.

To Conclude

While stem cell therapy does show promise for treating various diseases, more research is needed to determine its full potential. However, these are some of the potential benefits that have been seen so far with stem cell therapy in Chicago. So, if you are thinking about stem cell therapy for yourself or a loved one, it is critical to consult with your doctor about the potential risks and benefits.

It’s no secret that the world is obsessed with youth. Celebrities are under constant pressure to look younger, and it seems like everyone wants to look young forever. But did you know that you don’t have to get surgery or inject yourself with Botox in order to maintain a youthful appearance? Ultherapy Singapore is an FDA-approved treatment that uses ultrasound technology in order to lift skin on your face, neck, chest, back of arms, and hands. The result is a tighter complexion without any downtime!

What is Ultherapy?

Ultherapy is a type of non-invasive ultrasound technology that uses sound waves to heat the deep layers of your skin. The heat produced during an Ultherapy treatment can stimulate and tighten sagging and loose skin.

How Does Ultherapy Work?

Ultherapy utilizes low-level ultrasound energy to penetrate deep beneath the surface of your skin in order to trigger the body’s natural response to undergo repair and rebuild. By increasing collagen synthesis, elastic tissue production is stimulated. This can tighten loose skin and reduce wrinkles on the face, neck, chest, back of arms, and hands.

The process triggers the body’s natural responses to undergo repairing and rebuilding– starting collagen production that naturally tightens and lifts the skin.

Ultherapy Singapore utilizes DeepSEE ® technology. This visual aid allows the clinician to visualize the deepest layers of your skin that are targeted for energy delivery. The ultrasound waves then push through several layers of tissue, heating them up and stimulating the production of collagen.

Ultherapy is a non-invasive procedure — it works without surgery or injections– which means there’s no pain or downtime involved.

What Are Some Benefits of Ultherapy?

• Improve skin texture and tone

• Tighten loose skin on face, neck, chest, back of arms, and hands

• Tighten lax skin on the brow, under eyes, upper cheeks

• Smooth fine lines and wrinkles

• Enhance skin elasticity

There are no incisions or anesthetics used for this treatment. It is a non-invasive procedure that requires minimal downtime. Some patients may experience redness, tingling, or mild swelling following their Ultherapy treatment. These side effects should subside within 1-2 hours after your treatment. You can typically resume normal activities immediately. Your clinician will provide you with follow-up instructions regarding home care to maximize your results after your treatment is complete.

What Are the Results Like?

With one single non-invasive session lasting between 45 minutes to an hour, Ultherapy effectively tightens sagging skin by stimulating your body’s natural renewal

What Can I Expect from My Ultherapy Treatment?

During your Ultherapy treatment, you will feel a series of warm sensations as heat is directed beneath your skin. The sensation will last for about 15 minutes during which time the clinic staff may apply a topical gel. Your nurse or doctor then uses imaging technology, DeepSEE, to guide them towards your target area so that they can focus the heat on only that region. Once your treatment is finished, you can return to your normal activities. There is no downtime, and the results are natural-looking and gradual as new collagen continues to form for up to 9 months following a single session.

Conclusion

Ultherapy uses a non-invasive ultrasound technology treatment known as DeepSEE which works by heating the deep layers of your skin. The heat produced during an Ultherapy treatment stimulates collagen production which tightens sagging and loose skin for a younger, more rejuvenated appearance. As there is no surgery or injections involved, patients can typically resume their usual activities immediately after undergoing this treatment.

Who doesn’t love a good suntan but if one spends a little extra time in the sun it can do more harm to the skin than good. Too much sun exposure can result in skin damage such as burns, discolouration, pink spots, dark spots and even blisters. Here are some recommended strategies you can do to treat sunburn in case your skin gets damaged. 

• Apply Sunscreen

This is a no-brainer. Before going in the sun, always apply sunblock to every part of your body that is exposed such as the face, neck, hands and feet. Sunblock makes a protective shield on your skin against harmful UV rays. Even if you have applied sunscreen, make sure to re-apply it every half hour. 

• Apply serum

Sunburn makes the outer layer of the skin damaged. This layer needs to heal and repair. An antioxidant serum does exactly that. Vitamin C, vitamin A serums and products with green tea extracts help provide the necessary antioxidants that repair the skin and protect against further damage. 

• Take skin supplements

Consult a dermatologist and get prescribed skin supplements. Antioxidant supplements help maintain skin health. A vitamin called niacinamide has been shown to protect the skin from precancer symptoms such as blisters, burns, discolouration, spots etc. Skin supplements containing niacinamide, collagen, vitamin C, vitamin A are proven ways to heal your skin from sunburn. Read more on how you can get skin supplements online. 

 

• Dab on Medicated Creams

Apply a medicated cream. There are creams, serums and gels with vitamin A extracts that reverse sn damage and signs of ageing like wrinkles, fine lines, dark spots and sagging skin. Vitamin A is also called retinoids and help with blemishes and open pores. But make sure to consult a doctor first as overuse of retinoids can result in acne, breakouts, irritation etc. Start with gentle retinol cream and apply under a moisturizer before bedtime. 

• Dabble in Acid 

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) and beta hydroxy acids (BHA) are amazingly helpful in healing the skin.  Glycolic acid, salicylic acid improves the skin tone, prevent signs of ageing and reduces blemishes and burns. 

• Light Therapies

Photodynamic therapy is a procedure that targets sun-damaged skin and heals it. Consult a board-certified dermatologist to carry out this procedure as it is a sensitive one. Cosmetic procedures bring long-term results and heal the skin. With proper care, medicated creams and procedures, you can treat sun-damaged skin in no time. 

 

 

The jaw is one of the most prominent facial features on a person’s face. It can be very attractive, but it also has the potential to skew an individual’s appearance in a negative way. This blog post will teach you how to reduce your jaw size without surgery and with minimal pain or downtime.

A lot of people don’t realize that there are many different factors that lead to bigger jaws, including genetics and over-exercising certain muscles in the neck and chin area (like when we chew). Nonetheless, there are non-surgical jaw reduction options to reduce jaw size without undergoing surgery.

What Causes Bigger Jaws?

Genetics

Ever wonder why certain people look alike? It’s because they inherited some of their facial features from their parents, including the width and height of their jaws. In fact, it has been proved that this physical trait is mostly genetic, so if you have a big jaw, don’t feel too bad about yourself! However, you can make changes to make it appear smaller.

Chewing Food Too Much

This relates to genetics because the way your teeth fit together determines how your jaws appear. If you have small teeth, then your jaw is more likely to look small too if you don’t over-chew your food.

Jaw Muscles

Strong jaw muscles can make your jaws look bigger than they really are, especially if their shape protrudes outward where muscle tissue is located on the front of the chin area. If this happens, it might feel like your jaw bone is pushing out forward (and it kind of is), giving it a wider appearance than normal.

How Can You Reduce Jaw Size Without Surgery?

Jaw muscles are a group of powerful muscles that you use excessively, causing the muscle mass to bulk up and increase in size. Bruxism sufferers experience uneven jaws or squarish bulky jawlines due to daily teeth grinding. Jaw Reduction BTX treatment weakens the jaw muscles making your face look slimmer with softer features.

How Does This Treatment Work?

The BTX toxin is injected directly into the muscles that cause excessive muscle activity. Within a week, you should notice an improvement in your jawline and facial contours. The effects of BTX last for up to six months, but after the toxin wears off (which it does on its own), there is no need to worry about additional treatments.

Once you receive treatment with Jaw Reduction BTX, life goes back to normal! You can go shopping, attend all social events and eat what you want without any fear of drooling or accidentally biting yourself because these side effects are minimized as long as you don’t chew excessively or open your mouth too wide during the first couple of days following treatment.

Advantages of This Treatment

• There is no downtime. Jaw Reduction BTX injection takes only a few minutes and you can leave right away to go back home or wherever you like.
• Non-surgical. With the latest advances in medical technology, we can now achieve safe and effective results without resorting to surgery – resulting in less pain, scarring, and recovery time.
• Minimal side effects (depending on how much and where the toxin is injected).

Is Jaw Reduction Treatment Safe?

Indeed, this treatment has been here throughout the decades and is extremely popular within Asia to acquire a slimming V shape face.

When done by a skilled cosmetic doctor, it’s safe and also produces effective outcomes.

Can You Have Jaw Reduction BTX Treatments with Other Cosmetic Treatments?

Yes, Jaw Reduction BTX treatments can be combined with HIFU to create an even more powerful slimming effect and a visibly contoured V-shaped face.