Breast cancer is often viewed as a women’s health issue, but men can develop it too. Because awareness remains low, some men may dismiss changes in their chest or nipple area or delay speaking to a doctor.
Although uncommon, male breast cancer accounts for fewer than 1 in 100 breast cancer cases in the UK. Recognising that it can happen, knowing the possible warning signs and seeking medical advice promptly can support earlier assessment and treatment. For information and peer support, Male Breast Cancer resources can help patients, families and caregivers feel less alone.
Why Can Men Develop Breast Cancer?
Everyone has a small amount of breast tissue behind the nipple. Breast cancer can begin when cells in this tissue grow abnormally.
Male breast cancer is more often diagnosed in older men, but a new lump or other unusual change should be checked at any age. Most breast changes will not be cancer, yet it is important not to self-diagnose or wait for symptoms to disappear.
Signs That Need Medical Attention
Changes may occur on one side of the chest, often close to the nipple. Contact your GP if you notice anything unusual or persistent.
A lump or swelling
A painless lump in the chest or breast area is one of the most common signs. It may feel firm and may sit beneath or near the nipple. Swelling in the armpit should also be assessed.
Changes to the nipple or skin
Other symptoms can include a nipple that turns inward, redness, a rash, thickened skin, dimpling or an ulcer that does not heal. These changes can have different causes, but a healthcare professional should determine what is happening.
Nipple discharge
Fluid leaking from the nipple, particularly if it contains blood, should always be discussed with a GP. While it does not automatically mean cancer, it requires proper assessment.
Changes in shape or size
A noticeable difference in the size or shape of one side of the chest can also be worth checking, especially when it develops without an obvious reason.
Who May Have a Higher Risk?
Having one or more risk factors does not mean a person will develop cancer. Equally, people without known risk factors can still receive a diagnosis. However, understanding possible influences can help inform conversations with a doctor.
Age and family history
Risk increases with age. A family history of breast cancer, particularly in close relatives, may also be relevant. Some inherited gene changes, including BRCA2 changes, can increase risk in men.
Hormonal and health factors
Conditions or treatments that affect hormone levels may play a role. Other factors linked with a higher risk include previous radiation treatment to the chest, certain liver conditions, excess body weight and Klinefelter syndrome.
If breast cancer runs in your family, ask your GP whether genetic counselling or testing may be appropriate.
What Happens at a GP Appointment?
Your GP will ask about the change you have noticed and may examine the chest and surrounding area. If further checks are needed, they may refer you to a breast clinic.
Assessment can involve imaging, such as an ultrasound or mammogram, and sometimes a biopsy. A biopsy takes a small sample of tissue so it can be examined in a laboratory. These tests are used to identify the cause of a change, not to assume the worst.
Supporting Earlier Conversations
Embarrassment can make it difficult to raise concerns about breast symptoms. However, healthcare professionals assess these concerns regularly, and seeking help is a sensible response to an unexplained change.
It can help to write down when you first noticed the symptom, whether it has changed and whether you have a relevant family history. Taking this information to an appointment can make the discussion easier.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can men really get breast cancer?
Yes. Men have breast tissue and can develop breast cancer, although it is rare. In the UK, fewer than 1% of breast cancer cases occur in males.
Is a lump in a man’s chest always cancer?
No. Lumps can have several causes. However, any new or persistent lump should be checked by a GP so the cause can be identified.
What are the most common symptoms?
Possible signs include a lump or swelling near the nipple, nipple discharge, changes to the nipple or skin, and swelling in the armpit.
Should men check their chest regularly?
Being familiar with what is normal for your body can make it easier to spot a new change. If you notice something unusual, arrange a GP appointment rather than waiting.
Conclusion
Male breast cancer is rare, but awareness is still essential. A new lump, nipple change, discharge or unexplained swelling deserves medical attention, even when it turns out to have a non-cancerous cause. Prompt assessment gives you clear answers and ensures that, if treatment is needed, the right support can begin without unnecessary delay.
